Alternating Current (AC) operates in single or three phases. The AC is supplied to the EV via a charging station, where an onboard charger converts it into DC for battery charging. AC charging is typically considered standard charging, with power outputs ranging from 3.7 kW to 22 kW. Common charging stations provide 11 kW or 22 kW. AC charging is crucial for a widespread charging infrastructure and is especially suitable for locations where vehicles are charged over an extended period, such as residential buildings, offices, hotels, etc.

Refers to charging at a charging station without prior registration, meaning without an existing contract with the charging station operator. Other terms include spot charging or direct payment. Ad-hoc charging is primarily available at public charging stations and is also legally mandated. Payment is typically made using a debit and/or credit card or via the operator’s website.

Refers to charging at a charging station without prior registration, meaning without an existing contract with the charging station operator. Other terms include spot charging or direct payment. Ad-hoc charging is primarily available at public charging stations and is also legally mandated. Payment is typically made using a debit and/or credit card or via the operator’s website.

A Battery Electric Vehicle is a vehicle powered exclusively by electricity, without any internal combustion engine for support.

Combined Charging System (CCS) is an open charging system for electric vehicles based on international standards. The vehicle-side connector supports both 3-phase AC charging and fast DC charging. CCS is particularly well-suited for public charging.

Stands for ‘Charge de move’ and is an electrical interface for DC charging developed by Japanese manufacturers. Its counterpart is CCS, favored by the predominantly European and American markets.

Stands for Charge Point Operator. The CPO ensures the proper operation of charging stations and is responsible for regular maintenance and upkeep, thus bearing the operator’s responsibility.

Direct Current (DC) is associated with fast charging. With DC charging, the charger is integrated into the charging station, transferring power directly to the vehicle’s battery. DC charging stations deliver power outputs from 10 kW up to 400 kW. DC charging units are primarily found in locations where short charging times are desired, such as motorway service areas.

Is the abbreviation for e-mobility provider or charging service provider. The EMP enters into contracts with end customers, enabling them to use charging stations. Billing is typically based on consumption in kWh and/or time units, as well as flat rates.

Refers to charging in privately managed areas that are either fully or partially accessible to the public. Examples include supermarkets, shopping centers, etc.

Stands for High Power Charging. The demand for ever shorter charging times has led to charging stations being able to deliver up to 350 kW of power. This level of power can only be achieved with an integrated cooling system that runs within the station and the charging cable. Extensive charging infrastructure measures are necessary for such high-power charging stations, which are primarily found at motorway service areas.

Defined as a facility for charging an electric vehicle.

Load Management (LM) limits the available power to avoid peak loads and prevent overloading the building’s main connection. Especially in buildings requiring multiple charging points, it is advisable to use such systems to avoid high costs, such as expanding the grid connection or installing a transformer, and to relieve the burden on grid operators’ networks. Fundamentally, a distinction is made between static and dynamic load management. Static LM operates with a fixed, predefined power value and distributes it among the charging stations. Dynamic load management, on the other hand, adapts to the power consumption of other building loads, such as air conditioning, canteens, etc., and dynamically allocates the remaining power to the charging stations.

Charging Infrastructure – This includes not only the charging station itself but also pre-installations such as meters, extensions in the main distribution board (NSHV), and power and data cables, all of which are essential components of the charging infrastructure that enable e-mobility.

Charging with power outputs up to 22 kW is referred to as standard charging. These power outputs are typically achieved with AC charging stations.

Charging on private property that is only available to a limited group of users. Examples of private charging include charging at one’s own parking space or at the workplace.

A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle is a vehicle that has both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor and can be charged externally.

Is defined as automated authorization and billing of a charging process at a Plug&Charge-enabled charging station. When the charging cable is plugged in, the vehicle authorizes itself, the charging process starts, and payment follows. A one-time registration is required.

Stands for Open Charge Point Protocol and is a standardized communication protocol for transmitting data between a charging station and a backend.

Freely accessible at all times and typically located on publicly owned land. Classic examples include charging stations in urban and municipal street areas.

Range Extended Electric Vehicles are cars where a small internal combustion engine provides additional support to the electric motor, and this power can also be delivered in parallel.

During regenerative braking, energy is recovered during deceleration and transferred back to the vehicle battery.

Radio-Frequency Identification is a contactless identification method for activating charging processes.

Offers the ability to charge at stations regardless of the operator with whom a contract exists. The prerequisite is that the respective charging station is integrated into a roaming network via the EMP. Billing is handled through one’s own contract partner.

Charging with power outputs exceeding 22 kW is defined as fast charging. These power outputs are typically achieved with DC charging stations.

Is a connector type for charging electric vehicles/plug-in hybrids that was established as a standard by the European Commission in 2013. The Type 2 connector can also be used with CCS couplings.

Vehicle to Grid (V2G), in the sense of providing storage capacity for the grid, will become significantly important in the future. In this context, the EV is not only seen as an energy consumer but also as a storage unit that, when needed, feeds electricity back into the grid to relieve the overall network.